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The Quran has been criticized both in the sense of being studied as a text for historical, literary, sociological and theological analysis but also in the sense of being found fault with by those who argue it is not divine, not perfect and/or not particularly morally elevated.
In the 1730s the Christian translator, George Sale, published his "Peculiarities of the Quran", the third chapter in his Preliminary Discourse to his "Alkoran of Mohammed". In historical criticism, scholars (such as John Wansbrough, Joseph Schacht, Patricia Crone, Michael Cook) seek to investigate and verify the origin, text, composition, history of the Quran, examining questions, puzzles, difficult text, etc. as they would non-sacred ancient texts.
Ibn Warraq found internal inconsistencies and scientific errors in the book, and faults with its clarity, authenticity, and ethical message. The most common criticisms concern various pre-existing sources that Quran relies upon, internal consistency, clarity and moral teachings.